Organ regeneration normally requires an absorbing material to provide scaffold support for growing cells. Animal-derived collagens and hydrolysable synthetic polymers have proved unsuitable in many cases for several reasons related to safety and cost. Additionally, since organs have complicated structures, the scaffold must be flexible enough to assume any desired arrangement.

 The invention provides a method to culture a cluster of cells to generate any desired three-dimensional structure without the use of an adsorbing scaffold.  Further, the invention also includes a support that provides a surface to grow clusters of cell into any three-dimensional structure.  The support surface is sufficiently versatile that it can also be used to create tubes and tubules within cell clusters.  The surface can be constructed with a disassociatable surface membrane that enables removal of fully formed structures of cells, so that the resulting structure do not contain any foreign material

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